One rule
Your deployed app cannot read your laptop’s .env file. You must add production environment variables in your hosting provider’s dashboard.
The name must match exactly. DATABASE_URL and database_url are different.
What goes in env
Environment variables store values that change between local and production. They also keep secrets out of GitHub.
Common examples are API keys, database URLs, auth secrets, email service keys, payment keys, and public frontend settings like an API base URL.